WELCOME TO CUREWELL

Curewell Diabetes, Obesity & Cardiac Centre

Comprehensive Care for Diabetes • Obesity • Heart Health

Curewell Diabetes, Obesity & Cardiac Centre is a specialised medical centre in Bali Nagar, New Delhi, dedicated to comprehensive care of diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Led by Dr. Anil K. Manchanda, MBBS, MD (Medicine), PGDP Diabetology, Consultant Physician, Diabetologist and SCOPE-Certified Obesity Consultant, the centre provides personalised, evidence-based medical care with emphasis on early diagnosis, effective treatment, prevention of complications and long-term health.

Our approach integrates management of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cholesterol disorders, thyroid disorders, cardiovascular risk and metabolic liver disease, with appropriate lifestyle, nutritional and medical interventions.

Our philosophy: Comprehensive assessment. Personalised treatment. Better long-term health.

Dr. Anil K. Manchanda
MBBS, MD (Medicine), PGDP Diabetology
Consultant Physician & Diabetologist
SCOPE-Certified Obesity Consultant

Address:
Curewell diabetic, obesity and cardiac centre, D-47, Bali Nagar, New Delhi – 110015

Our Specialities

Diabetes Care

Type 1 & Type 2 Diabetes
Prediabetes
LADA and secondary diabetes
Insulin initiation and optimisation
Continuous glucose monitoring
Diabetes complications screening
Diabetic kidney, eye, nerve and foot assessment

Obesity & Weight Management

Comprehensive obesity assessment
Body composition analysis
Fatty liver assessment and treatment
Medical weight management
Nutrition and lifestyle counselling
Behavioural management of obesity
Anti-obesity medications
Assessment and treatment of sarcopenic obesity
Bariatric/metabolic surgery evaluation and follow-up
Management of obesity-related conditions including fatty liver, sleep apnoea and diabetes

Cardiac & Metabolic Health

Hypertension
Dyslipidaemia
Cardiovascular risk assessment
Metabolic syndrome
Prevention of cardiovascular disease
Risk-factor modification in diabetes and obesity

Liver & Metabolic Health

Fatty liver / MASLD assessment
Fibrosis risk assessment
FIB-4 and other non-invasive risk assessment
FibroScan-based liver assessment

Preventive Health

We focus not only on treating disease but also on early detection, risk reduction and long-term metabolic health.

Our Approach

Assess → Diagnose → Treat → Monitor → Prevent

Every patient receives an individualised plan based on their medical condition, metabolic risk, lifestyle, age and treatment goals.

We emphasise:

Early diagnosis
Evidence-based treatment
Sustainable weight management
Prevention of complications
Long-term follow-up

Who Should Consult Us?

You may benefit from a comprehensive metabolic assessment if you have:

Diabetes or prediabetes
Overweight or obesity
Increasing HbA1c or fasting glucose
High triglycerides or cholesterol
High blood pressure
Fatty liver
PCOS
Difficulty losing weight despite lifestyle changes
Obesity-related sleep problems
A family history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease
Multiple metabolic risk factors

Meet the Consultant

Dr. A. K. Manchanda

MBBS, MD (Medicine), PGDP Diabetology
Consultant Physician, Diabetologist & SCOPE-Certified Obesity Consultant

Dr. A. K. Manchanda is a Consultant Physician and Diabetologist based in New Delhi, with a special clinical focus on diabetes, obesity and cardiometabolic health. Dr. Anil K. Manchanda provides comprehensive medical care with a special focus on diabetes, obesity, cardiometabolic health and prevention of metabolic complications.

With a background in MD (Medicine) and specialised training in diabetology. He is SCOPE certified (by the world obesity federation) Obesity consultant. Dr. Manchanda provides comprehensive care for patients with diabetes, prediabetes, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, thyroid disorders and associated metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.

His approach to obesity management recognises obesity as a chronic, complex disease, requiring individualised assessment rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Management may include nutrition and lifestyle modification, behavioural strategies, pharmacological treatment and appropriate referral for metabolic/bariatric surgery.

A particular area of interest is the close relationship between obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic liver disease (MASLD). He believes that effective medical care should address these interconnected conditions together rather than treating each condition in isolation.

Dr. Manchanda also focuses on preventive healthcare and early identification of cardiometabolic risk, helping patients understand their condition and participate actively in their long-term treatment.

Clinical Areas of Interest

Diabetes and Prediabetes
Obesity and Medical Weight Management
Hypertension
Dyslipidaemia
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Thyroid Disorders
MASLD / Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease
Metabolic Syndrome
Diabetes-related Complications
Preventive Metabolic Healthcare

Philosophy of Care

“Treat the patient, not just the numbers.”

Dr. Manchanda believes in combining evidence-based medical treatment with practical lifestyle changes, regular monitoring and personalised care to achieve sustainable improvements in health and quality of life.

Curewell Diabetes, Obesity & Cardiac Centre

D-47, Bali Nagar, New Delhi – 110015

Diabetes • Obesity • Heart Health • Metabolic Health • MASLD • FibroScan

Personalised medical care for better metabolic healt

Diabetes

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition in which blood glucose (blood sugar) levels remain higher than normal because the body does not produce enough insulin, does not use insulin effectively, or both.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose move from the bloodstream into cells, where it is used for energy. Persistent high blood glucose can gradually damage blood vessels and nerves and increase the risk of complications involving the heart, kidneys, eyes, brain and feet.

Diabetes is treatable and, in many people, its complications can be prevented or delayed through appropriate medical treatment, nutrition, physical activity, weight management and regular monitoring.

Types of Diabetes

1. Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body’s immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, resulting in severe or complete insulin deficiency.

It commonly develops in children and young adults but can occur at any age.

Important features:

Usually requires insulin from the time of diagnosis
May develop relatively suddenly
Can present with excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss and fatigue
Diabetic ketoacidosis may occur, particularly around diagnosis

2. Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. It develops because of a combination of insulin resistance and progressive decline in pancreatic beta-cell function.

Risk is increased by obesity, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, family history, increasing age and certain ethnic and metabolic factors.

Management may include:

Healthy eating and physical activity
Weight reduction when appropriate
Oral glucose-lowering medicines
Injectable medicines, including GLP-1 receptor agonists or dual incretin therapies when indicated
Insulin when required
Management of blood pressure and cholesterol
Screening and prevention of diabetes complications

3. Prediabetes

Prediabetes means that blood glucose levels are higher than normal but do not meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes.

It is an important warning stage because people with prediabetes have an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Lifestyle modification, appropriate weight management and regular monitoring can substantially reduce the risk of progression in many people.

4. Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is diabetes first diagnosed during pregnancy.

It usually develops because pregnancy-related hormonal changes increase insulin resistance.

Gestational diabetes requires appropriate monitoring and management because uncontrolled glucose levels can affect both the mother and baby.

Women who have had gestational diabetes also have a higher long-term risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and should undergo appropriate follow-up after pregnancy.

5. LADA

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) is an autoimmune form of diabetes that occurs in adults and may initially appear similar to Type 2 diabetes.

People with LADA may initially respond to non-insulin treatment but progressively develop insulin deficiency.

When LADA is suspected, tests such as GAD antibodies and C-peptide may help clarify the diagnosis and guide treatment.

6. Other Specific Types of Diabetes

Diabetes can also occur because of specific underlying conditions or medications, including:

Diseases of the pancreas
Genetic disorders affecting beta-cell function
Endocrine disorders
Certain medications, particularly glucocorticoids
Diabetes associated with cystic fibrosis
Other forms of secondary diabetes

Correctly identifying the underlying cause can be important because treatment may differ from conventional Type 2 diabetes management.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Some people with diabetes have no symptoms, particularly in the early stages.

Common symptoms include:

Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Increased hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Recurrent infections
Slow healing of wounds
Tingling or numbness in the feet or hands

Because diabetes may remain silent for years, people with risk factors should consider appropriate screening even when they feel completely well.

Diabetes and Obesity

Obesity, particularly excess abdominal fat, is strongly associated with insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.

Weight management is therefore an important component of diabetes care. Even modest, sustained weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in many people with Type 2 diabetes.

For some patients, substantial weight loss may lead to diabetes remission, particularly when treatment is initiated early and significant weight loss is achieved and maintained.

Diabetes Complications

Persistently elevated blood glucose can affect multiple organs.

Cardiovascular

Heart attack
Stroke
Peripheral arterial disease

Kidney

Diabetic kidney disease
Progressive loss of kidney function

Eyes

Diabetic retinopathy
Macular oedema
Vision loss

Nerves

Peripheral neuropathy
Pain, burning or numbness
Loss of protective sensation

Feet

Foot ulcers
Infection
Increased risk of amputation

Good glucose control together with management of blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking and body weight can substantially reduce long-term risk.

Diabetes Care at Curewell

At Curewell Diabetes, Obesity & Cardiac Centre, diabetes management is approached as comprehensive metabolic care rather than focusing only on blood glucose.

Assessment may include:

Blood glucose and HbA1c
Blood pressure
Lipid profile
Kidney function and urine albumin assessment
Diabetes-related eye and foot assessment
Cardiovascular risk assessment
Weight and waist-circumference assessment
Assessment for obesity and metabolic syndrome
Liver/MASLD assessment when appropriate

Treatment is individualised according to the patient’s type of diabetes, age, duration of disease, complications, cardiovascular and kidney status, weight, lifestyle and treatment goals.

Frequently Asked Questions About Diabetes

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is primarily an autoimmune disease causing severe insulin deficiency and usually requires insulin therapy from diagnosis. Type 2 diabetes is mainly associated with insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction and can be treated with lifestyle measures, medicines and, when required, insulin.

Can diabetes be cured?

Type 1 diabetes currently requires lifelong insulin replacement. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition, but some people can achieve diabetes remission, particularly after substantial and sustained weight loss or metabolic interventions. Remission does not necessarily mean the underlying susceptibility has disappeared, so continued follow-up is important.

Can Type 2 diabetes be reversed by losing weight?

Significant weight loss can markedly improve blood glucose and may lead to remission in some people with Type 2 diabetes. The possibility depends on factors such as duration of diabetes, remaining beta-cell function, degree of weight loss and individual circumstances.

What is prediabetes?

Prediabetes refers to blood glucose levels that are above the normal range but below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. It is an important opportunity for prevention because progression to Type 2 diabetes is not inevitable.

What HbA1c level indicates diabetes?

An HbA1c of 6.5% or higher is one of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes when appropriately confirmed. An HbA1c of 5.7–6.4% is generally classified as prediabetes. Diagnosis should be interpreted in the clinical context and confirmed when required.

Can a person have diabetes without symptoms?

Yes. Type 2 diabetes can remain asymptomatic for years. This is why screening is important in people with risk factors.

Is diabetes caused only by eating sugar?

No. Diabetes is not caused simply by eating sugar. Type 2 diabetes results from a complex interaction of genetics, insulin resistance, body fat distribution, pancreatic beta-cell function, diet, physical activity and other factors.

Does everyone with diabetes need insulin?

No. People with Type 1 diabetes require insulin. Many people with Type 2 diabetes can initially be treated without insulin, but insulin may become necessary depending on glucose levels, disease progression, pregnancy, acute illness or other clinical circumstances.

What is LADA?

LADA stands for Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults. It is an autoimmune form of diabetes occurring in adults and may initially resemble Type 2 diabetes. Antibody testing and C-peptide assessment may help establish the diagnosis.

What is C-peptide?

C-peptide is released when the pancreas produces insulin and therefore provides an indirect measure of endogenous insulin production. It can be useful when determining how much insulin the pancreas is still producing, particularly when the type of diabetes is uncertain.

Can obesity cause diabetes?

Obesity, particularly excess visceral and abdominal fat, substantially increases the risk of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. However, not every person with obesity develops diabetes, and Type 2 diabetes can also occur in people who are not obese.

Can diabetes affect the heart?

Yes. Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. Cardiovascular risk-factor management is therefore an essential part of diabetes care.

How often should HbA1c be checked?

The appropriate interval depends on the individual’s treatment and level of glycaemic control. Many patients have HbA1c assessed approximately every three months when treatment is being changed or targets are not being met, while longer intervals may be appropriate when diabetes is stable.

Can diabetes affect the kidneys?

Yes. Diabetes is an important cause of chronic kidney disease. Regular assessment of kidney function and urine albumin can help detect diabetic kidney disease early.

Why is an eye examination important in diabetes?

Diabetes can damage the small blood vessels of the retina, causing diabetic retinopathy. Early disease may have no symptoms, so regular retinal assessment is important even when vision appears normal.

Why should people with diabetes check their feet?

Diabetes can cause nerve damage and reduced blood flow, increasing the risk of unnoticed injuries, ulcers and infection. Regular foot examination and appropriate footwear can reduce complications.

Can I stop my diabetes medicines when my sugar becomes normal?

Do not stop diabetes medication without discussing it with your doctor. Normal glucose levels may be the result of effective treatment, and stopping medication suddenly can cause glucose levels to rise again.

What should I do if my blood sugar is very high?

Very high glucose levels, particularly when associated with vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration, rapid breathing, confusion or marked weakness, require urgent medical assessment. People using insulin should have an individualised sick-day plan.

Can diabetes be prevented?

Many cases of Type 2 diabetes can be delayed or prevented through appropriate weight management, regular physical activity, healthy eating and early identification of prediabetes and other risk factors. Type 1 diabetes currently cannot generally be prevented through lifestyle measures.

When should I see a diabetologist?

Consider specialist assessment if diabetes is newly diagnosed, difficult to control, associated with complications, occurring at an unusually young age, or if the type of diabetes is uncertain. Specialist care can also be useful when insulin, advanced glucose-lowering therapies, obesity treatment or complex metabolic risk management is required.

Obesity

What is Obesity?

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing disease characterised by excessive or abnormal accumulation of body fat that may impair health.

It is not simply a matter of willpower or lack of discipline. Obesity results from a complex interaction between genetic, biological, hormonal, metabolic, behavioural, environmental, psychological and social factors.

Excess adiposity can affect almost every organ system and is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis, certain cancers and other health problems.

The aim of obesity treatment is not merely to reduce body weight. The broader goals are to improve health, metabolic function, physical function, quality of life and long-term disease risk.

How is Obesity Diagnosed?

Body Mass Index (BMI)

BMI is calculated as:

BMI = Weight (kg) ÷ Height² (m²)

BMI is useful for population-level assessment and as an initial clinical screening tool, but it does not directly measure body fat or distinguish between muscle and fat.

For Asian Indian populations, health risks may occur at lower BMI levels than in many Western populations. Therefore, BMI should always be interpreted together with waist circumference, body-fat distribution, metabolic health and associated complications.

Waist Circumference

Abdominal or visceral fat is particularly associated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk.

For Indian/Asian populations, a waist circumference of approximately:

≥90 cm in men
≥80 cm in women

is generally considered an indicator of increased central adiposity.

Why Does Obesity Occur?

Obesity is multifactorial.

Biological Factors

Genetic susceptibility
Increased appetite and hunger signalling
Altered satiety mechanisms
Insulin resistance
Changes in adipose tissue function
Neurohormonal regulation of appetite
Adaptive metabolic responses after weight loss

Lifestyle Factors

Excess calorie intake
Energy-dense foods
Sugar-sweetened beverages
Sedentary behaviour
Inadequate physical activity
Irregular sleep

Environmental & Social Factors

Easy availability of highly processed foods
Larger portion sizes
Sedentary occupations
Urbanisation
Stress
Social and economic factors

Psychological & Behavioural Factors

Emotional eating
Stress-related eating
Binge eating
Mindless eating
Reward-driven eating
Sleep deprivation

Certain medications and endocrine disorders can also contribute to weight gain.

Obesity is More Than a Number on the Scale

Two people with the same BMI may have very different health risks.

Assessment should therefore consider:

Weight + Waist Circumference + Body Composition + Metabolic Health + Complications + Functional Health

We assess obesity in the context of the individual rather than relying on BMI alone.

Health Problems Associated With Obesity

Obesity is associated with numerous medical conditions.

Diabetes & Metabolic Health

Insulin resistance
Prediabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Metabolic syndrome
Dyslipidaemia

Cardiovascular Health

Hypertension
Coronary artery disease
Heart failure
Stroke
Atrial fibrillation

Liver

MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease)
Steatohepatitis
Liver fibrosis
Cirrhosis in advanced disease

Sleep

Obstructive sleep apnoea
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Sleep-related breathing disorders

Musculoskeletal

Osteoarthritis
Back pain
Reduced mobility
Reduced physical function

Reproductive Health

Polycystic ovary syndrome
Menstrual irregularities
Reduced fertility
Pregnancy-related complications

Other Conditions

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Certain cancers
Venous thromboembolism
Depression and psychological distress
Reduced quality of life

Comprehensive Obesity Assessment

At Curewell Diabetes, Obesity & Cardiac Centre, obesity is assessed comprehensively.

Evaluation may include:

Medical history
Weight history and previous weight-loss attempts
BMI
Waist circumference
Blood pressure
Physical activity assessment
Dietary assessment
Sleep assessment
Behavioural and emotional eating assessment
Medication review
Family history
Diabetes and metabolic-risk assessment
Lipid profile
Liver assessment
Kidney function
Cardiovascular risk assessment
Screening for obesity-related complications

When clinically appropriate, additional assessment such as body-composition analysis, sleep evaluation and FibroScan may be recommended.

Treatment of Obesity

Obesity treatment should be individualised, long-term and multidisciplinary.

There is no single treatment that is appropriate for every patient.

1. Nutrition

A sustainable eating plan should focus on:

Appropriate calorie intake
Adequate protein
Vegetables and fibre-rich foods
Appropriate carbohydrate portions
Healthy fats
Minimally processed foods
Portion control
Reduction of sugar-sweetened beverages and excess ultra-processed foods

The objective is to create a realistic energy deficit that can be maintained over the long term.

2. Physical Activity

Exercise is important for:

Improving cardiovascular fitness
Preserving muscle mass
Improving insulin sensitivity
Maintaining weight loss
Improving physical function
Supporting psychological wellbeing

A combination of aerobic activity and resistance training is generally preferred, with the programme adapted to age, fitness, medical conditions and physical limitations.

3. Behavioural Therapy

Long-term weight management requires attention to eating behaviour and lifestyle patterns.

Areas that may be addressed include:

Emotional eating
Mindless eating
Hunger and satiety awareness
Food triggers
Stress management
Sleep
Goal setting
Self-monitoring
Relapse prevention

4. Medical Treatment

Anti-obesity medications may be appropriate for selected patients when lifestyle intervention alone does not produce sufficient improvement or when obesity-related complications are present.

Depending on the individual patient, treatment options may include GLP-1 receptor agonists and other incretin-based therapies, as well as other approved anti-obesity medicines.

Medication should be selected according to the patient’s:

Degree of obesity
Diabetes status
Cardiovascular risk
Kidney and liver function
Other medical conditions
Current medications
Treatment goals
Potential adverse effects
Cost and accessibility

Medication is generally most effective when combined with appropriate nutrition, physical activity and behavioural intervention.

5. Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery

Metabolic or bariatric surgery may be considered for appropriately selected patients with obesity, particularly when significant obesity-related complications are present or when non-surgical treatment has not achieved adequate results.

Procedures include different forms of gastric and intestinal surgery, and the choice depends on the individual’s clinical characteristics.

Patients considering surgery should receive pre-operative assessment and long-term post-operative follow-up, including nutritional and metabolic monitoring.

Obesity and Diabetes

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes are closely linked through insulin resistance and progressive metabolic dysfunction.

Weight reduction can improve:

Insulin sensitivity
Blood glucose
HbA1c
Blood pressure
Lipid abnormalities
Fatty liver
Cardiovascular risk

In selected patients with Type 2 diabetes, substantial weight loss may result in diabetes remission.

Obesity and Fatty Liver

Excess adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is strongly associated with MASLD.

Patients with obesity and metabolic risk factors may benefit from assessment of liver health and fibrosis risk.

Depending on the clinical situation, evaluation may include:

Liver enzymes → FIB-4 → further fibrosis assessment → FibroScan when indicated

Early identification of significant fibrosis is important because advanced liver disease can remain clinically silent for years.

Obesity and Sleep Apnoea

Obesity is an important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

Symptoms may include:

Loud snoring
Witnessed pauses in breathing
Choking or gasping during sleep
Morning headache
Poor concentration
Excessive daytime sleepiness

Appropriate patients may require formal sleep evaluation.

Weight management can form an important component of OSA treatment, although established OSA may require additional therapy such as CPAP.

Sarcopenic Obesity

Sarcopenic obesity refers to the coexistence of excess adiposity and reduced muscle mass, strength or physical function.

It is particularly important in older adults.

Simply losing weight is not always the goal. Treatment should aim to reduce excess fat while preserving or improving muscle mass and physical function through adequate protein intake, resistance exercise and appropriate medical management.

Childhood & Adolescent Obesity

Obesity can begin during childhood and adolescence and may persist into adulthood.

Early intervention can help reduce the risk of:

Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Dyslipidaemia
Fatty liver disease
Sleep apnoea
Psychological and social consequences

Management in children and adolescents should be age-appropriate and should involve the family, with emphasis on healthy behaviours rather than stigma or inappropriate dieting.

Our Obesity Management Approach

At Curewell Diabetes, Obesity & Cardiac Centre, our approach is:

Assess

Understand the patient’s weight history, metabolic health, lifestyle, behaviour and complications.

Identify

Determine the causes and consequences of excess adiposity.

Treat

Develop an individualised plan involving nutrition, physical activity, behavioural intervention and medication or metabolic surgery when appropriate.

Monitor

Track weight, waist circumference, metabolic parameters, body composition and complications.

Maintain

Focus on long-term weight maintenance and prevention of weight regain.

The goal is healthier weight, better metabolic health and improved quality of life—not simply a lower number on the weighing scale

Frequently Asked Questions About Obesity

Is obesity a disease?

Yes. Obesity is recognised as a chronic disease involving abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that may impair health.

Is obesity only caused by overeating?

No. Food intake is only one part of a much more complex process. Genetics, hormones, appetite regulation, sleep, medications, psychological factors, physical activity, environment and metabolic adaptation can all influence body weight.

Is obesity caused by lack of willpower?

No. Obesity involves complex biological and environmental mechanisms that influence hunger, satiety, energy expenditure and body-weight regulation. Successful treatment often requires medical and behavioural support.

What BMI is considered obese?

BMI thresholds vary by population and clinical context. For Indian and other Asian populations, metabolic risk may occur at lower BMI levels than in many Western populations. BMI should therefore be interpreted along with waist circumference, body composition and associated diseases.

Is waist circumference important?

Yes. Waist circumference provides information about central or abdominal adiposity, which is strongly associated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk.

Can someone have obesity with a normal BMI?

BMI does not directly measure body fat. A person can have excess body fat despite a BMI that does not fall into the obesity range. This is one reason that waist circumference and body composition can be useful.

Can obesity be cured?

Obesity is generally considered a chronic disease requiring long-term management. Some people achieve substantial and sustained weight loss and improvement or remission of obesity-related diseases, but ongoing attention to weight and metabolic health is usually necessary.

How much weight should I lose?

There is no single target that applies to everyone. The appropriate goal depends on BMI, waist circumference, medical conditions, medications, age, physical function and individual circumstances.

Even relatively modest weight loss can improve several metabolic risk factors, while larger weight losses may provide additional benefits for selected patients.

Is dieting enough to treat obesity?

Nutrition is important, but long-term obesity management may require a combination of nutrition, physical activity, behavioural intervention, medication and, in selected patients, metabolic/bariatric surgery.

Why do I regain weight after losing it?

After weight loss, the body may respond with increased hunger and other biological adaptations that promote weight regain. This is one reason obesity is considered a chronic disease and why long-term treatment and follow-up are important.

Are obesity medicines safe?

Approved anti-obesity medicines have specific indications, contraindications and potential adverse effects. The choice of medication should be individualised after medical assessment.

Do obesity medicines have to be taken lifelong?

Not necessarily in every patient, but obesity is a chronic condition and stopping effective medication can be followed by weight regain in some people. The decision to continue, change or stop treatment should be individualised.

Can GLP-1 medicines be used for weight loss?

Certain GLP-1 receptor agonists are approved for chronic weight management in appropriately selected patients. Other incretin-based medicines may also have obesity indications. Treatment should be prescribed according to approved indications and individual clinical circumstances.

Does exercise cause weight loss?

Exercise contributes to energy expenditure and provides major health benefits, but weight loss from exercise alone can vary considerably. Combining physical activity with appropriate nutrition and, when indicated, medical treatment generally provides a more comprehensive approach.

Why is resistance training important during weight loss?

Weight loss can include loss of lean tissue as well as fat. Resistance training, adequate protein intake and appropriate overall nutrition can help preserve muscle mass and physical function.

Can obesity cause diabetes?

Yes. Excess adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is strongly associated with insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.

Can losing weight improve diabetes?

Yes. Weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. In some people with Type 2 diabetes, substantial sustained weight loss can result in diabetes remission.

Can obesity cause fatty liver?

Yes. Obesity and metabolic dysfunction are major risk factors for MASLD. The risk of liver fibrosis increases in some individuals, making appropriate assessment important.

Can obesity cause sleep apnoea?

Yes. Obesity is a major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea. Loud snoring, witnessed breathing pauses and excessive daytime sleepiness should prompt clinical evaluation.

When should I consider bariatric surgery?

Metabolic/bariatric surgery may be appropriate for selected people with obesity, particularly when obesity is severe, significant complications are present or adequate improvement has not been achieved with non-surgical treatment. Eligibility should be assessed individually.

Is obesity treatment only about losing weight?

No. Important treatment goals include improving diabetes, blood pressure, cholesterol, fatty liver, sleep apnoea, physical function, cardiovascular risk and quality of life.

When should I consult an obesity specialist?

Consider consultation if you have persistent obesity, difficulty maintaining weight loss, obesity-related diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, sleep apnoea, dyslipidaemia, joint problems or repeated unsuccessful attempts at weight loss.

A specialist assessment can help identify the factors contributing to weight gain and develop an appropriate long-term treatment plan.

Thyroid Disorders

The thyroid is a small gland in the neck that produces hormones essential for regulating metabolism, energy, heart rate, temperature and many other body functions.

Thyroid disorders occur when the thyroid produces too much or too little hormone, or when the gland develops structural abnormalities such as nodules or enlargement.

Common Thyroid Disorders

Hypothyroidism

The thyroid does not produce enough thyroid hormone.

Common symptoms include:

Tiredness and lethargy
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Feeling unusually cold
Constipation
Dry skin
Hair loss
Menstrual irregularities
Depression or low mood
Slow heart rate

The most common cause is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder.

Hyperthyroidism

The thyroid produces excessive thyroid hormone.

Symptoms may include:

Weight loss despite normal or increased appetite
Palpitations
Anxiety or irritability
Tremor
Excessive sweating
Heat intolerance
Increased bowel movements
Muscle weakness
Menstrual irregularities

Graves’ disease is a common autoimmune cause.

Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules are lumps within the thyroid gland. Most are benign, but some require further evaluation.

Assessment may include thyroid function tests, ultrasound and, when indicated, fine-needle aspiration.

Goitre

Goitre refers to enlargement of the thyroid gland. It may occur with normal, increased or decreased thyroid hormone production.

Thyroiditis

Thyroiditis is inflammation of the thyroid. Depending on the cause, it can initially produce hyperthyroidism followed by temporary or permanent hypothyroidism.

Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy

Thyroid function is particularly important during pregnancy. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism require appropriate evaluation and monitoring because maternal thyroid dysfunction can affect pregnancy and fetal development.

Diagnosis

Evaluation commonly includes:

TSH
Free T4
Sometimes Free T3
Thyroid antibodies when indicated
Thyroid ultrasound for nodules or enlargement
Fine-needle aspiration for selected nodules

Treatment

Treatment depends on the specific thyroid disorder.

Hypothyroidism: thyroid hormone replacement, usually levothyroxine
Hyperthyroidism: treatment may include antithyroid medicines, radioactive iodine or surgery depending on the cause
Thyroid nodules: observation, further investigation or treatment according to risk
Thyroiditis: treatment depends on the underlying cause and phase of the illness

At Curewell Diabetes, Obesity & Cardiac Centre, thyroid disorders are evaluated in the context of the patient’s overall metabolic health, symptoms, medications and associated conditions.

Hypertension

What is Hypertension?

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common chronic condition in which blood pressure remains consistently above the healthy range.

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. Persistent elevation puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels and can gradually damage important organs.

Hypertension often produces no symptoms, which is why it is sometimes called a “silent” condition. Regular blood-pressure measurement is therefore important, particularly in people with diabetes, obesity, kidney disease or cardiovascular risk factors.

Why Does Hypertension Occur?

High blood pressure can result from a combination of:

Genetic predisposition
Increasing age
Excess body weight and abdominal obesity
High dietary sodium intake
Physical inactivity
Excess alcohol intake
Smoking
Poor sleep and obstructive sleep apnoea
Kidney disease
Certain hormonal disorders
Some medications

In most adults, no single cause is identified. This is known as primary hypertension.

When hypertension results from an identifiable underlying condition, it is called secondary hypertension.

Symptoms

Most people with hypertension have no symptoms.

Occasionally, very high blood pressure may be associated with:

Headache
Dizziness
Visual disturbance
Breathlessness
Chest discomfort

Why is Hypertension Important?

Untreated or inadequately controlled hypertension can increase the risk of:

Heart

Coronary artery disease
Heart attack
Heart failure
Left ventricular hypertrophy

Brain

Stroke
Transient ischaemic attack
Vascular cognitive impairment

Kidneys

Chronic kidney disease
Progressive loss of kidney function

Eyes

Hypertensive retinopathy

Blood Vessels

Peripheral arterial disease
Aortic disease

The risk is particularly important when hypertension occurs together with diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia or smoking.

Diagnosis

Hypertension should be diagnosed using properly measured blood pressure, usually with repeated measurements rather than a single elevated reading.

Depending on the situation, confirmation may involve:

Repeat clinic blood-pressure measurements
Home blood-pressure monitoring
Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring

Evaluation may also include assessment of cardiovascular risk and possible organ damage.

Management of Hypertension

Treatment is individualised according to blood-pressure levels, cardiovascular risk, age, kidney function, diabetes and other medical conditions.

Lifestyle Measures

Important measures include:

Weight reduction when appropriate
Regular physical activity
Reduction of excess dietary sodium
Increased intake of vegetables and other healthy foods
Moderation of alcohol intake
Smoking cessation
Adequate sleep
Management of obstructive sleep apnoea when present
Stress management

Medicines

Many patients require medication to achieve adequate blood-pressure control.

Depending on the individual, treatment may include:

ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Calcium-channel blockers
Thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics
Beta-blockers in selected clinical situations
Other medicines when indicated

Treatment may require one or more medicines, and adherence is an important part of long-term control.

Hypertension and Diabetes

Hypertension and diabetes frequently coexist and together substantially increase cardiovascular and kidney risk.

People with diabetes should therefore have regular blood-pressure assessment and appropriate management of other cardiovascular risk factors, including cholesterol, smoking and body weight.

Hypertension and Obesity

Excess body weight, particularly abdominal obesity, is strongly associated with hypertension.

Appropriate weight reduction, increased physical activity and dietary improvement can help lower blood pressure and may reduce the need for medication in some patients.

When Should You Consult a Doctor?

Medical assessment is appropriate if:

Blood pressure repeatedly remains elevated
You have diabetes or kidney disease
You have obesity or multiple cardiovascular risk factors
You develop symptoms associated with very high blood pressure
You are taking several blood-pressure medicines but remain uncontrolled
Hypertension develops at an unusually young age
Blood pressure becomes suddenly difficult to control

At Curewell Diabetes, Obesity & Cardiac Centre, hypertension is managed as part of comprehensive cardiovascular and metabolic risk reduction, with attention to diabetes, obesity, cholesterol, kidney health and other associated conditions.

Cardiac & Cardiovascular Disorders

Comprehensive Cardiovascular Care

Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and blood vessels and remain an important cause of illness and premature death.

The risk of cardiovascular disease increases with factors such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, smoking, physical inactivity, increasing age and family history.

Early identification and management of cardiovascular risk factors can help reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke and other cardiovascular complications.

Common Cardiac Conditions

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease occurs when the blood vessels supplying the heart become narrowed or blocked, most commonly because of atherosclerosis.

It may present with:

Chest pain or pressure
Breathlessness
Reduced exercise tolerance
Unusual fatigue
Sweating or nausea

Some patients, particularly those with diabetes, may have few or atypical symptoms.

Heart Attack

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is suddenly reduced or blocked.

Persistent chest pressure, breathlessness, sweating, nausea or pain spreading to the arm, shoulder, back or jaw requires urgent medical evaluation.

Hypertension

Persistently elevated blood pressure increases the workload on the heart and damages blood vessels over time. Proper diagnosis and long-term blood-pressure control are important components of cardiovascular prevention.

Heart Failure

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficiently to meet the body’s requirements.

Possible symptoms include:

Breathlessness
Swelling of the legs
Fatigue
Reduced exercise capacity
Difficulty breathing when lying down

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can improve symptoms and reduce complications.

Heart Rhythm Disorders

Arrhythmias are abnormalities of the heart’s rhythm.

They may cause:

Palpitations
Fast or slow heartbeat
Dizziness
Fainting
Breathlessness

Some arrhythmias require specialist cardiac assessment.

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a common irregular heart rhythm that can increase the risk of stroke. Appropriate assessment may include evaluation of stroke risk and consideration of anticoagulation when indicated.

Valvular Heart Disease

Heart-valve abnormalities can cause narrowing or leakage of one or more heart valves.

Some valve conditions can be monitored, while others may require medical, interventional or surgical treatment.

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Atherosclerosis can affect arteries supplying the legs and other parts of the body.

Symptoms may include leg pain while walking, reduced circulation and, in advanced disease, non-healing wounds.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Major modifiable risk factors include:

Diabetes
Hypertension
High LDL cholesterol and other lipid abnormalities
Obesity and abdominal obesity
Smoking
Physical inactivity
Unhealthy diet
Excess alcohol consumption
Poor sleep and obstructive sleep apnoea

Other important factors include age, family history and certain medical conditions.

Diabetes, Obesity and Heart Disease

Diabetes and obesity are closely linked with cardiovascular disease.

People with diabetes may have an increased risk of coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. Excess body weight can further increase cardiometabolic risk.

Therefore, cardiovascular prevention should include comprehensive management of:

Blood glucose + Blood pressure + Lipids + Body weight + Smoking + Physical activity + Sleep

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

A cardiovascular assessment may include:

Medical and family history
Blood-pressure assessment
Weight and waist circumference
Blood glucose and HbA1c
Lipid profile
Kidney-function assessment
Assessment of smoking and lifestyle factors
Cardiovascular risk estimation where appropriate
ECG and other investigations when clinically indicated

Further cardiac investigations or referral to a cardiologist may be recommended depending on symptoms, examination findings and risk profile.

Prevention of Heart Disease

Many cardiovascular risk factors can be modified.

Important preventive measures include:

Healthy Weight

Achieving and maintaining an appropriate body weight can improve blood pressure, glucose metabolism and other cardiovascular risk factors.

Healthy Nutrition

A balanced dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes and appropriate sources of protein, with attention to sodium, saturated fat and excess calories, supports cardiovascular health.

Physical Activity

Regular aerobic activity combined with muscle-strengthening exercise, when medically appropriate, benefits cardiovascular and metabolic health.

Control of Diabetes

Good glycaemic management and appropriate use of cardiovascular-protective therapies when indicated are important components of diabetes care.

Blood Pressure Control

Regular monitoring and appropriate treatment reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk.

Cholesterol Management

LDL cholesterol is an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Treatment is individualised according to overall cardiovascular risk.

Smoking Cessation

Stopping tobacco use is one of the most important measures for reducing cardiovascular risk.

When Should You Seek Urgent Medical Attention?

Seek emergency medical care immediately for symptoms such as:

New or severe chest pain or pressure
Chest discomfort lasting several minutes or recurring
Severe breathlessness
Fainting or near-fainting
Sudden weakness or numbness, particularly on one side
Sudden difficulty speaking
Sudden severe dizziness
Sudden loss of vision
Other symptoms suggesting a heart attack or stroke

Do not delay emergency evaluation while waiting for a routine clinic appointment.

Cardiovascular Care at Curewell

At Curewell Diabetes, Obesity & Cardiac Centre, cardiovascular health is approached as an integral part of comprehensive metabolic care.

We focus on early identification of cardiovascular risk, management of diabetes, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, lifestyle modification and prevention of cardiovascular complications.

Where specialist cardiac investigations or interventions are required, appropriate cardiology referral is advised.

Schedule Your Consultation

Whether you are looking for diabetes management, obesity treatment, preventive healthcare, or heart health assessment, we are here to help.

Curewell Diabetes & Cardiac Centre

Bali Nagar, New Delhi

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